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DEVELOPMENT OF EDUCATIONAL AND COGNITIVE COMPETENCE OF YOUNGER SCHOOLCHILDREN BY MEANS OF VIRTUAL REALITY // Pedagogical Review. 2022. Issue 4 (44). P. 16-24

The question of the developing value of virtual reality technologies, the possibilities of their application at the level of primary general education is considered. The results of studying various studies on the philosophical, psychological and pedagogical aspects of human activity in virtual reality (VR) are presented. The importance and necessity of introducing virtual, augmented and mixed reality technologies for the digital transformation of the education sector is proved. An attempt is made to classify the means of virtual reality used in education based on the criteria of immersion and presence. The classification distinguishes types of virtual reality technologies according to: the degree of immersiveness; types of educational tasks; graphical user interface; graphical representation of users; interaction opportunities; features of representation of objects in virtual reality; used educational tools and technical specifications. Examples of the implementation of the immersive approach in general education are given: studying the influence of social configurations on the visual attention of students and the learning process in an immersive virtual reality classroom; the influence of text annotations in the class of immersive virtual reality on the ability to recall educational information, etc. The advantages of using VR in education for the development of educational and cognitive competence in primary school age are described: visibility, the ability to visualize complex and inaccessible knowledge, abstract concepts, involvement and interactivity, multimodality of perception, compatibility with distance learning and the possibility of gamification of the educational process. Positive ideas of practicing teachers in relation to the use of VR tools are revealed. Teachers are ready to introduce virtual reality tools into the educational process, however, there is an insufficient number of high-quality VR products that meet the thematic needs of subject teachers. Tasks for children were developed in 4 areas of development: value-semantic, cognitive, operational-activity; reflective-evaluative.

Keywords: virtual reality, immersive approach in education, classification of virtual reality tools

Educational opportunities of virtual educational laboratories: analysis of current practice // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 6 (52). P. 134-142

Digitalization of education allows accumulating new experience, improving the methodological support of the educational process and forming the methodological basis of digital didactics. The inclusion of virtual educational laboratories in the educational process is dictated by the peculiarities of the digital educational environment, but it faces some problems: insufficient security of the virtual educational environment due to the lack of technical regulations, lack of a unified methodological approach, imperfection of the regulatory framework. The authors of the study make an attempt to generalize and systematize the experience of introducing virtual educational laboratories into the school system. Approaches to the definition of the concept of “virtual laboratory” as a means and method of scientific knowledge, the main feature of which is the safety of interactive creative experimental activity, are analyzed. A classification of virtual laboratories according to multidimensionality, imitation, form of information presentation, freedom of cognitive creativity, modality of perception is proposed. The requirements for the visualization of objects in virtual educational laboratories are outlined, taking into account the leading (visual) channel of perception of modern schoolchildren. The educational opportunities and some risks of including the tactile channel of children’s perception when learning in virtual educational laboratories are considered. The types of processes that can be simulated in virtual laboratories are considered. A study was made of the effectiveness of identifying graphic objects of varying complexity by primary school students. On the basis of the data obtained, the principles of organizing training in virtual educational laboratories have been developed: the principle of imitation of reality, the principle of scientific character / reliability of data, the principle of a responsible attitude (ethics of training in virtual educational laboratories).

Keywords: virtual educational laboratory, classification of virtual educational laboratories, identification of graphic objects by younger schoolchildren, functional literacy