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Transspective analysis as a method of historical and psychological research // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 3 (49). P. 140-149

In modern historical and psychological research carried out in line with post-non-classical methodology, there is a need to move cognitive landmarks: from directions, schools, research programs, concepts of a certain historical period in the development of psychological science to the ways of thinking implemented in them and types of rationality; from a monological, retrospective description of the processes of formation and transformation of the conceptual apparatus of a particular psychological school to a reflexive-dialogical reconstruction of the conceptual heritage of eternally relevant scientists, in the light of today and tomorrow in the development of psychology; from the usual thematic headings and sections of psychological knowledge to the areas of “overlapping” (metaphor V. E. Klochko) of different types of scientific rationality, within the moving boundaries of which the processes of “rebirth of the scientific fabric” (metaphor L. S. Vygotsky) of psychology were most actively and fruitfully going; from well-known and recognized theories to concepts that were previously recognized as peripheral or even marginal, but containing underestimated heuristic potential; from the traditions of adaptation in psychology of natural-science explanatory schemes to the assimilation by scientists-psychologists of the philosophical and ideological heritage and the descriptive potential of literature and art. In order to compare the traditional and post-non-classical views on historical and psychological research, the author proposes the metaphors of “restoration” and “renaissance”, which illustrate different approaches to the reconstruction of historical forms of scientific thought: the preservation of the conceptual “monuments” of psychological science and the meaningful reconstruction of the conceptual heritage of psychology with a constructive revision its heuristic potential. The effectiveness of the application of transspective analysis (developed by V. E. Klochko) in historical and psychological research is substantiated, since it allows: to overcome the rigid conceptual boundaries of conditionally closed scientific systems and schools; to understand the natural tendencies of the complication of psychological knowledge, taking into account the tendencies of changing the types of scientific rationality; to model the possible communication of such psychological concepts, between which there are significant temporal or paradigmatic distances; to simulate an incessant dialogue and confrontation of scientists whose scientific views were conceptually consonant, despite the fact that they were not contemporaries or, being contemporaries, for various reasons, were not clear representatives of one opponent circle.

Keywords: history of psychology, methodology, subject matter of psychology, psychological concepts, transspective analysis, reflection

Thinking and art: the conjugation of anthropological practices // Pedagogical Review. 2024. Issue 2 (54). P. 149-158

The scientific discourse of modern post-non-classical psychology is characterized by overcoming monodisciplinary language in describing the multidimensional phenomenology of human existence and those practices through which a person constitutes his subjectivity and reproduces a meaningful, human way of life. Such anthropological practices include thinking and art, which make it possible to continuously complete and transform the picture of the world (both at the level of the individual and at the level of social consciousness). A work of art, from the position of the author of the work, is not only a means of aesthetic transformation of reality, but also a symbolic expression of life itself, concentrated and aesthetically loaded with the thought of her. Reflecting on the aesthetic and conceptual aspects of a work of art, a person receives unique opportunities: to reveal the meaning of non-obvious sign-symbolic correspondences between the events of his own life and their artistic equivalents; productively rethink the individual way of being, overcome the inertia of everyday rationality. The article reveals and receives theoretical justification for the functional connection, phenomenological proximity, and mutual reversibility of thinking and art. In both practices, a certain unity of affect and intellect, concept and metaphor, fantasy and common sense is revealed. Thinking is an internal moment of any artistic creation, but it, in turn, receives an intentional impulse from the same noetic, motivational sources as art. The similarity of the dynamics of mental search (especially its first phases) with the dynamics of the artistic act is shown, as well as the inclusion of specific emotional states in both processes. An integral link between the mental and artistic act is imagination, the main function of which here is to defamiliarize things and undermine established ways of constructing meaning. The author, using the example of the relationship between the central and implicit parts of scientific theory, reveals the phenomenology of the “breakthrough” of human creative thought beyond the boundaries of routine mental activity. This effect is a consequence of the repeated collision of established methods of conceptualization with fantasy anomalies that the imagination produces, thereby opening up an alternative search for eidetic and symbolic solutions.

Keywords: thinking, thought, mental search, art, artistic act, imagination, meaning