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TRANSFORMATION OF MONTESSORI TEACHERS IN RUSSIA AND FOREIGN COUNTRIES, RANGING FROM SPECIAL EDUCATION TO INCLUSIVE EDUCATION // Pedagogical Review. 2022. Issue 1 (41). P. 124-131

Within the framework of the inclusive approach, the leading regulatory and legal documents of the Russian Federation are highlighted, the purpose of which is to provide opportunities for quality education to every child. Innovative educational processes associated with the emergence of children with special educational needs in the environment of typically developing peers are particularly noted. Using a comparative-historical approach, the author examines the development and transformation of the Montessori method in Russia: from active propaganda and acceptance to complete denial. The article describes the changes in the understanding of the Montessori method in Russia, its critical understanding by leading Russian teachers. The results of the methodological study of the key principles and approaches of Montessori pedagogy are presented. The article describes the main trends in the development of modern Montessori educational institutions abroad. The current experience of the Montessori space of the Netherlands, Germany, and the United States is considered. The general educational vector of modern Montessori pedagogy is highlighted: moving away from the closed system of special schools to an open system of education that meets the norms of a civilized society with the inclusion of people with special needs in development. Examples of complex educational Montessori institutions, a unique system of training and advanced training of Montessori teachers, Montessori that solve the problems of tolerant attitude to people with special needs in development are given. Within the framework of global trends, the specifics of the revival of Montessori pedagogy in modern Russia are identified. In the focus of Russian education, human functioning becomes important, and every child is important. Therefore, the idea of joint education of children with different levels of development, the idea of an inclusive approach, stands out. The transformation of the Montessori method is presented as a departure from special pedagogy for mentally retarded children to full-fledged inclusion through the creation of a prepared environment, joint training and the formation of a special worldview of the teacher.

Keywords: montessori pedagogy, humanistic pedagogy, self-development, free education, coeducation, inclusion

The essence and specifics of pedagogical support for preschool children with special educational needs // Pedagogical Review. 2023. Issue 3 (49). P. 7-16

The article describes the specifics of pedagogical support for preschool children. The theoretical substantiation and methodological approaches of pedagogical support, its practical significance are presented. The meanings and significance of the phenomenon are indicated, the essential characteristics of pedagogical support in preschool education are highlighted. The topic of personalization of education, development, upbringing of children with various starting opportunities is updated. The principle of diversification of pedagogical support is put forward and its interdependence with variability as an actual quality of Russian education is proved. The main processes of interaction between a teacher and a child are classified and the dynamics of changes in the system of support for preschoolers in connection with the appearance of children with developmental disabilities in mass educational institutions is shown. The term “children with special educational needs” is presented, which is disclosed from the position of supporting the diversity of childhood. Classification of categories of children with special educational needs studying in Russian preschool organizations has been developed. The necessary conditions and prospects for the development of pedagogical support for preschoolers with special educational needs within the framework of a multivariate socio-cultural educational space are determined.

Keywords: pedagogical support, children with special educational needs, diversification, variable personality development