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MODERN APPROACHES TO THE FORMATION OF INTERDISCIPLINARY COMPETENCIES OF TEACHERS-DEFECTOLOGISTS // Pedagogical Review. 2022. Issue 2 (42). P. 65-72

Trends in the training of defectologists are considered, taking into account the historical aspect and analysis of the current state of the problem. The main directions that determine the trends in the formation of interdisciplinary competencies are determined, the reasons are indicated and the existing historical experience of training interdisciplinary specialists is analyzed. The reasons for the need to include interdisciplinary technologies and forms of interaction in the training of specialists are highlighted. Various types of professional activities of teacher-defectologists in the conditions of inclusive education presuppose the presence of professional and personal competencies, which dictates the need to expand the interdisciplinary approach by revising the methods of conducting lectures through the use of search, research activities of students, solving various professional tasks within the content of the curriculum based on the use of the principle of interdisciplinarity. Various forms of conducting lectures and practical classes are analyzed, organizational parameters are determined. The emphasis is made on the application of the methods of conducting lectures, using the search, research activities of students, which makes it possible to enrich literacy in related areas of defectological science. The authors indicated the need to introduce the content of professional disciplines for solving defectological problems through the establishment of interdisciplinary connections, using interactive test tasks of a different nature. An innovative form of control in the form of a practice-oriented exam has been determined, which allows to determine the readiness of a future specialist to solve professional problems.

Keywords: inclusive education, interdisciplinary competences, professional competencies, the principle of interdisciplinarity, social order, teacher defectologist

Information perception and understanding in children with disabilities: characteristics, problems, and solutions // Pedagogical Review. 2025. Issue 6 (64). P. 56-66

The article examines the features of perception and understanding of information in children with disabilities. It analyzes the main problems these children face in the process of receiving and processing information and proposes ways to address them. Special attention is given to the integration of pedagogical and speech therapy strategies for more effective development of communication skills and improved text comprehension in students. This approach allows combining teaching methods with corrective techniques, contributing to a more comprehensive and individualized development of speech and cognitive processes. The authors argue that when working with textual material, children with disabilities need to use techniques based not only on active reading methods, such as highlighting key words and phrases, formulating content-related questions, and creating diagrams and tables to structure information, but also on linguistic, non-linguistic, cultural, pragmatic, and inclusive approaches to text adaptation. These approaches help improve cognitive processes related to perception and information processing, as well as enhance the level of communicative and analytical skills in students with learning difficulties. This article presents the results of an empirical study examining the cognitive and perceptual characteristics of text comprehension in preschool and primary school-aged children in educational institutions in Tomsk (Tomsk Oblast, Russian Federation) and Grodno (Republic of Belarus). The experimental study included a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms of adaptation to text stimuli, with an emphasis on identifying specific deficits due to individual differences in cognitive development and language skills. The authors systematized the identified deficits, classifying them into categories (e.g., phonemic, semantic, and pragmatic impairments), and proposed adaptive techniques for perceiving text information that take into account the specific perceptual processes of the study group.

Keywords: text adaptation, text perception, children with mental retardation, children with speech disorders, integration of pedagogical and speech therapy strategies