ACTIVITY OF A SUBJECT OF THE DAILY LIFE UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A VITAL THREAT IN THE PROBLEM FIELD OF PSYCHOLOGY
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6127-2021-3-221-229
The article notes that the problem of activity is one of the key problems of human knowledge, attention is paid to the theoretical aspects of the study of activity in domestic psychological science, approaches to the activity of a subject of vital activity are outlined. The contribution of psychologists of the Perm psychological school to the development of ideas about activity is analyzed. The study of activity is carried out in conjunction with the problems of integral individuality and individual style. Representatives of the Perm psychological school carried out theoretical and empirical studies of various types and styles of human activity in the conditions of daily activity and in extreme conditions of life: educational, volitional, communicative, religious, information-manipulative, meaningforming, professional. The scientific product of the current direction of research in the psychology of activity B. A. Vyatkin calls the idea of the existence in the social world of Homo activus – an active person. The article outlines the relevance of studying the activity of the subject of vital activity in the conditions of the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), i.e., a situation accompanied by a vital threat, is indicated. This civilizational phenomenon and the resulting epidemiological situation have made global adjustments to all spheres of human life, which necessitated adaptation to the transforming environmental conditions and prolonged situation of uncertainty. Psychologists note not only negative aspects in the current situation, but also positive ones, which are associated with the need to activate all mental life to overcome the pandemocrisis. In the Perm psychological school for the study of the activity of the subject of vital activity in conditions of a vital threat, theoretical prerequisites have been created in the form of the concept of integral individuality (V.S. Merlin), the theory of the meta-individual world (L. Ya. Dorfman), a conceptual dynamic model of the activity of the subject of vital activity (A. A. Volochkov), an integrative approach to the study of communicative activity (S. A. Vasyura), a corresponding diagnostic toolkit has been developed.
Keywords: activity, subject of vital activity, vital threat, style of activity, integral activity of the subject
References:
1. Krasnyanskaya T. M., Tylets V. G. Psikhologicheskiye resursy bezopasnosti lichnosti s razlichnym opytom ekstremal’nosti [Psychological resources of the security in individuals with various extreme experiences]. Medikobiologicheskiye i sotsial’no-psikhologicheskiye problemy’ bezopasnosti v chrezvychaynykh situatsiyakh – Medicо-Biological and Socio-Psychological Problems of Safety in Emergency Situations, 2015, vol. 2, pp. 100–107 (in Russian).
2. Kovtun E. V. Stil’ deyatel’nosti v ekstremal’nykh usloviyakh: polisistemnyy podkhod (na primere rukovoditeley tusheniya pozharov). Dis. kand. psikhol. nauk [Style of activity in extreme conditions: a polysystemic approach (on the example of fire extinguishing managers). Diss. cand. psychol. sci.]. Yaroslavl’, 2014. 162 p. (in Russian).
3. Grishina N. V. Ekzistential’nyy optimizm i pessimizm [Existential optimism and pessimism]. Psikhologicheskaya gazeta [Psychological newspaper]. (in Russian). URL: https://psy.su/feed/8315/ (accessed 26 February 2021).
4. Kumar A., Somani A. Dealing with Corona virus anxiety and OCD. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 2020, vol. 51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102053. URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7151537/ (accessed 25 February 2021).
5. Wang C. et al. Immediate psychological responses and associated factors during the initial stage of the 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic among the general population in china. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2020, vol. 17 (5), pp. 1729.
6. Fedosenko E. V. Zhizn’ posle karantina: psikhologiya smyslov i koronavirus COVID-19 [Life after quarantine: the psychology of meanings and the coronavirus COVID-19]. Psikhologicheskiye problemy smysla zhizni i akme: sbornik materialov mezhdunarodnogo XXV simpoziuma [Psychological problems of the meaning of life and Acme: collection of materials of the XXV International Symposium]. Moscow, Psychological Institute RAO Publ., 2020. Pp. 34–47 (in Russian).
7. Kozlov V. V. Dinamika psikhologicheskogo soderzhaniya krizisa pandemii [Dynamics of Psychological Content of the Pandemic Crisis]. Izvestiya Irkutskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Psikhologiya – The Bulletin of Irkutsk State University. Series Psychology, 2020, vol. 34, pp. 40–57. https://doi.org/10.26516/2304-1226.2020.34.40 (in Russian).
8. Khaykin V. L. Aktivnost’ (kharakteristiki i razvitiye) [Activity (characteristics and growth)]. Moscow, Voronezh, 2000. 448 p. (in Russian).
9. Kargapolova Yu. V. Teoreticheskiy analiz osnovnykh podkhodov k opredeleniyu ponyatiya “sotsial’naya aktivnost’” [Theoretical analysis of the main approaches to the definition of the concept of “social activity”]. Molodoy uchenyy, 2014, vol. 21 (80), pp. 575–577. URL: https://moluch.ru/archive/80/13979/ (accessed 25 February 2021). (in Russian).
10. Davidenko V. A. Traktovka aktivnosti i eye urovney v pedagogike (seredina 70-kh – seredina 80-kh gg. XX veka) [Treatment of the activity and its levels in pedagogy (mid 70s – mid 80s of the twentieth century)]. Vektor nauki Tol’yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: pedagogika, psikhologiya – Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology, 2011, vol. 3 (6), pp. 93–95 (in Russian).
11. Dzhidar’yan I. A. Kategoriya aktivnosti i eye mesto v sisteme psikhologicheskogo znaniya [The category of activity and its place in the system of psychological knowledge]. Kategorii materialisticheskoy dialektiki v psikhologii [Categories of materialistic dialectics in psychology]. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1988. Pp. 56–88 (in Russian).
12. Popov A. Yu. Aktivnost’ sub’’ekta zhizni: struktura i funktsii integral’noy individual’nosti (na primere studentov vuza). Dis. kand. psikhol. nauk [The activity of the subject of life: the structure and functions of the integral individuality (on the example of university students). Diss. cand. of psychol. sci.]. Perm, 2010. 197 p. (in Russian).
13. Lazurskiy A. F. Klassifikatsiya lichnostey [Personal classification]. Edited by M. Ya. Basov, V. N. Myasishchev. Moscow, Yurayt Publ., 2020. 274 p. (in Russian).
14. Volochkov A. A. Aktivnost’ sub’’yekta bytiya: Integrativnyy podkhod [Activity of the subject of being: integrative approach]. Perm, Perm State Pedagogical University Publ., 2007. 76 p. (in Russian).
15. Volochkov A. A., Popov A. Yu. Tselostnaya aktivnost’ sub’’ekta zhiznedeyatel’nosti: kontseptual’naya model’ i puti empiricheskikh issledovaniy [Holistic activity of the subject of life: a conceptual model and ways of empirical research]. Vestnik VEGU. Seriya: Pedagogika. Psikhologiya – Vestnik VEGU. Pedagogy. Psychology, 2008, vol. 1 (33), pp. 34–44 (in Russian).
16. Basov M. Ya. Obshchiye osnovy pedologii [General foundations of pedology]. Saint Peterburg, Aleteyya Publ., 2007. 776 p. (in Russian).
17 Merlin V. S. Ocherk integral’nogo issledovaniya individual’nosti [Sketch of integral research of individuality]. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 1986. 256 p. (in Russian).
18. Roslyakova E. Yu. Vzaimosvyaz’ vidov aktivnosti sub’’ekta zhiznedeyatel’nosti v ranney yunosti. Dis. kand. psikhol. nauk [The relationship of the types of activity of the subject of vital activity in early adolescence. Diss. cand. psychol. sci.]. Yaroslavl’, 2009. 185 p. (in Russian).
19. Uznadze D. N. Psikhologiya ustanovki [Psychology Beliefs]. Saint Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2001. 416 p. (in Russian).
20. Abul’khanova-Slavskaya K. A. Strategiya zhizni [Life strategy]. Moscow, Mysl’ Publ., 1991. 77 p. (in Russian).
21. Krupnov A. I. Psikhologicheskiye problemy issledovaniya aktivnosti cheloveka [Psychological problems in the study of person activity]. Voprosy psikhologii – Voprosy Psychologii, 1984, vol. 3, pp. 25–34 (in Russian).
22. Guseynov A. Sh. Psikhologiya protestnoy aktivnosti lichnosti [Psychology of protest activity of personality]. Krasnodar, KGUFKST Publ., 2017. 510 p. (in Russian).
23. Vasyura S. A. Struktura i funktsii kommunikativnoy aktivnosti v integral’noy individual’nosti cheloveka [Structure and functions of communicative activity in integrated identity of a person]. Vektor nauki Tol’yattinskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Seriya: Pedagogika, psikhologiya – Science Vector of Togliatti State University. Series: Pedagogy, Psychology, 2015, vol. 2 (21), pp. 167–170 (in Russian).
24. Vasyura S. A. Psikhologiya kommunikativnoy aktivnosti [Psychology of communication activity]. Izhevsk, Udmurtskiy gosudarstvennyy universitet Publ., 2009. 294 p. (in Russian).
25. Volochkov A. A., Mitrofanova E. N. Aktivnost’ individual’nosti: ponyatiye, struktura [Individuality activity: concept and structure]. Vestnik Permskogo universiteta. Seriya: Filosofiya. Psikhologiya. Sotsiologiya, 2016, vol. 4(28), pp. 64–75 (in Russian).
26. Shmykov V. I. Individual’nyy stil’ kommunikativnoy aktivnosti v strukture integral’noy individual’nosti osuzhdennykh. Dis. kand. psikhol. nauk [Individual style of communicative activity in the structure of the integral personality of convicts. Diss. kand. psy. sci.]. Perm, 1994. 169 p. (in Russian).
27. Vyatkin B. A. Homoactivus (chelovek aktivnyy) kak nauchnyy produkt integral’nogo issledovaniya individual’nosti v Permskoy psikhologicheskoy shkole [Homoactivus (active person) as a scientific product of the integral study of individuality in the Perm psychological school]. Materialy Vserossiyskoy nauchnoy konferentsii s mezhdunarodnym uchastiyem “Aktivnost’ – individual’nost’ – sub’’ekt” [Materials of the Russian national scientific conference with international participation “Activity – individuality – subject”]. Perm, 2008. Pp. 16–17 (in Russian).Nikitina O. V., post-graduate student, Udmurt State University (ul. Universitetskaya, 1/6, Izhevsk,
Russian Federation, 426034).
E-mail: 1438252@mail.ru
( 358 kB ) 
( 348.48 kB )
Issue: 3, 2021
Series of issue: Issue 3
Rubric: PSYCHOLOGY
Pages: 221 — 229
Downloads: 608