Structural and substantive aspects of the development of communicative skills of primary school students
DOI: 10.23951/2307-6127-2026-4-39-49
The article presents a theoretical, methodological, and empirical analysis of the development of communicative skills in primary school students within the framework of Russian language instruction. The relevance of the study is determined by the need for a comprehensive understanding of communicative skills as a key activity-based component of communicative competence in primary school learners and as a significant outcome of contemporary language education. The paper clarifies the content of the concept of “communicative skills” from the perspectives of pedagogy, linguodidactics, and neuropsychology, and substantiates a structural-content model comprising linguistic, cognitive, interactive, and regulatory components. Particular attention is paid to the neuropsychological foundations of communicative skill formation. It is demonstrated that their development is associated with the functional maturation of brain systems responsible for information processing, programming, and control of speech activity. The study argues that the uneven formation of these components in primary school age is due to age-related dynamics in the development of mechanisms of voluntary regulation. The empirical part of the research was conducted in a general education school and involved 42 students in grades 34. A comprehensive set of diagnostic methods (observation, analysis of oral monologic and dialogic utterances, written tasks, and expert assessment) was used to determine the initial level of development of the structural components of communicative skills. The findings revealed a predominance of the intermediate level of development, along with a pronounced imbalance between components: the relative prominence of the interactive component was combined with insufficient development of the regulatory-cognitive block, manifested in difficulties related to planning, argumentation, and logical organization of speech. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the integration of linguodidactic and neuropsychological approaches to the analysis of communicative skills in primary school students and in the empirical confirmation of their structural heterogeneity. The theoretical significance of the research consists in refining a staged model of communicative skill development in primary education. The practical significance is determined by the possibility of using the obtained results in the design of a methodological system for the development of monologue speech, speech planning and self-regulation mechanisms in the process of teaching the Russian language as technologies for the development of communicative skills.
Keywords: communicative skills, primary school students, Russian language teaching methodology, neuropsychology, speech development, regulatory mechanisms, primary general education
References:
1. Vasilchikova G.N., Pletnikova Ye.A., Khudasova L.N. Formirovaniye klyuchevykh kompetentsiy na urokakh v nachal’noy shkole [Formation of key competencies in primary school lessons]. Razvitiye nauki i obrazovaniya v sovremennom mire: sbornik nauchnykh trudov po materialam Mezhdunarodnoy nauchno-prakticheskoy konferentsii: v 2-kh ch. Ch. 1 [Development of science and education in the modern world: collection of scientific papers based on the materials of the International scientific and practical conference: in 2 parts. Part 1]. Belgorod, AR-Konsalt Publ., 2017. Рр. 133–135 (in Russian).
2. Federal’nyy gosudarstvennyy obrazovatel’nyy standart nachal’nogo obshchego obrazovaniya, utverzhdennyy prikazom Ministerstva prosveshcheniya RF ot 31.05.2021 g. № 286, s izmeneniyami i dopolneniyami ot 18.06.2025 g. (FGOS NOO) [Federal State Educational Standard of Primary General Education, approved by Order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 31, 2021 No. 286, with amendments and additions dated June 18, 2025 (FSES PGE)]. GARANT.RU. Informatsionno-pravovoy portal (in Russian). URL: https://base.garant.ru/400907193/53f89421bbdaf741eb2d1ecc4ddb4c33/ (accessed 05 February 2026).
3. Federal’naya obrazovatel’naya programma nachal’nogo obshchego obrazovaniya, utverzhdennaya prikazom Ministerstva prosveshcheniya RF ot 18.05.2023 g. № 372 (FOP NOO) [Federal educational program of primary general education, approved by the order of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation dated May 18, 2023, No. 372 (FOP NOO)]. Konsul’tantPlyus [ConsultantPlus]. Informatsionno-pravovoy portal (in Russian). URL: https://sh20-ryazan-r62.gosweb.gosuslugi.ru/netcat_files/32/315/12nkm042diiejrg6vj0d2lbha7ji5oaj_FOP_NOO.pdf (accessed 05 February 2026).
4. Kuryanovich A.V. Psikhologo-pedagogicheskiye, lingvodidakticheskiye i metodicheskiye aspekty sovershenstvovaniya yazykovoy kompetentsii v shkole i vuze [Psychological, pedagogical, linguodidactic and methodological aspects of improving language competence in school and university]. Nauchno-pedagogicheskoye obozreniye – Pedagogical Review, 2015, no. 1 (7), рр. 90–101 (in Russian).
5. Khutorskoy A.V. Kompetentnostnyy podkhod v obuchenii: nauchno-metodicheskoye posobiye [Competence-based approach in teaching: scientific and methodological manual]. Moscow, Eydos Publ., 2013. 73 p. (in Russian).
6. Dudkovskaya Ye.Ye. Razvitiye kommunikativnoy kompetentsii uchashchikhsya v usloviyakh realizatsii FGOS [Development of communicative competence of students in the context of the implementation of the Federal State Educational Standard]. Chelovek i obrazovaniye – Man and Education, 2014, no. 3, рр. 99–100 (in Russian).
7. Olesova A.P., Burtseva D.R. Formirovaniye kommunikativnykh umeniy s ispol’zovaniyem videomaterialov [Formation of communicative skills using video materials]. Pedagogika. Voprosy teorii i praktiki – Pedagogy. Theoretical and Practical Issues, 2021, vol. 6, no. 2, рр. 215–220 (in Russian).
8. Baranov M.T., Ladyzhenskaya T.A. Metodika prepodavaniya russkogo yazyka v nachal’noy shkole [Methodology of Teaching Russian Language in Primary School]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2018. 320 p. (in Russian).
9. Zimnaya I.A. Kommunikativnaya kompetentnost’ kak rezul’tat obucheniya [Communicative Competence as an Educational Outcome]. Pedagogika, 2018, no. 4, рp. 15–24 (in Russian).
10. Savenkov A.I. Psikhologiya odarennykh detey [Psychology of Gifted Children]. Moscow, Akademiya Publ., 2019. 288 p. (in Russian).
11. Volchkova N.I., Fedyayeva M.V. Osobennosti razvitiya kommunikativnykh navykov u mladshikh shkol’'nikov [Fedyaeva M. V. Features of the development of communication skills in primary school students]. Vestnik Severo-Kazakhstanskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta imeni Manasha Kozybayeva – Bulletin of the North Kazakhstan State University named after Manash Kozybaev, 2018, no. 2 (39). рр. 167–173 (in Russian).
12. Vygotsky L.S. Myshleniye i rech’ [Thinking and Speech]. Moscow, Labirint Publ., 2020. 352 p. (in Russian).
13. Leontiev A.A. Psikholingvistika [Psycholinguistics]. Moscow, Smysl Publ., 2018. 368 p. (in Russian).
14. Osiyanova O.M., Taksanova A.O. Opyt razvitiya kommunikativnykh navykov uchashchikhsya posredstvom ispol’zovaniya leksiki, uchityvayushchey kul’turnyye osobennosti [Experience in developing students’ communicative skills through culturally marked vocabulary]. Russian Journal of Education and Psychology, 2025, vol. 16, no. 5, рр. 288–311. doi: 10.12731/2658-4034-2025-16-5-288-311 (in Russian).
15. Rubinshtein S.L. Osnovy obshchey psikhologii [Foundations of General Psychology]. Saint Petersburg, Piter Publ., 2020. 720 p. (in Russian).
16. Ladyzhenskaya T.A. Rechevaya deyatel’nost’ i metodika prepodavaniya russkogo yazyka [Speech Activity and Methodology of Teaching Russian Language]. Moscow, Prosveshcheniye Publ., 2017. 256 p. (in Russian).
17. Zinov’yeva T.I., Kurlygina O.Ye., Tregubova L.S. Metodika obucheniya russkomu yazyku. Praktikum: uchebnik dlya srednego professional’nogo obrazovaniya [Methods of Teaching the Russian Language. Practical Training: Textbook for Secondary Vocational Education]. 2-ye izd., ispr. i dop. Moscow, Yurayt Publ., 2026. 319 р. (in Russian). URL: https://urait.ru/bcode/584910 (accessed 05 February 2026).
18. Kur’yanovich A.V. Russkiy yazyk. Kul’tura pis’mennoy rechi: uchebnoye posobiye dlya studentov pedagogicheskogo universiteta [Russian language. Culture of written speech: a teaching aid for students of the pedagogical university]. Tomsk, Tomsk State Pedagogical University Publ., 2025. 136 р. (in Russian). URL:http://fulltext.tspu.ru/OA/m2025-9.pdf. (accessed 05 February 2026).
19. Trofimov I.O., Kur’yanovich A.V. Obogashcheniye slovarnogo zapasa shkol’nikov kak lingvometodicheskaya problema [Enriching schoolchildren's vocabulary as a linguistic and methodological problem]. Vestnik Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta – TSPU Bulletin, 2022, vol. 2 (220), pp. 58–68 URL: https://vestnik.tspu.ru/archive.html?year=2022&issue=2&article_id=8401 (in Russian) (accessed 05 February 2026) (in Russian).
20. Aleksandrova O.M. Kommunikativnoye razvitiye uchashchikhsya nachal’noy shkoly v protsesse izucheniya russkogo yazyka [Communicative Development of Primary School Students in the Process of Learning Russian Language]. Moscow, Prosveshcheniye Publ., 2019. 176 p. (in Russian).
21. Zatona D.S., Shatokhina I.V. Metodologicheskiye podkhody i opyt formirovaniya kommunikativnykh universal’nykh uchebnykh meropriyatiy dlya uchashchikhsya nachal’noy shkoly s ispol’zovaniyem tsifrovykh tekhnologiy [Methodological approaches and experience in the formation of communicative universal learning activities of primary school students using digital technologies]. Russian Journal of Education and Psychology, 2022, vol. 13, no. 1–2, рр. 71–79. doi: 10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-2-71-79 (in Russian).
22. Galperin P.Ya. Psikhologiya myshleniya i teoriya postepennogo formirovaniya umstvennykh deystviy [Psychology of Thinking and the Theory of Gradual Formation of Mental Actions]. Moscow, Moscow State University Publishing Publ., 2019. 272 p. (in Russian).
23. Markova A.K. Formirovaniye motivatsii k obucheniyu v shkol’nom vozraste [Formation of Learning Motivation in School Age]. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 2019. 240 p. (in Russian).
24. Bozhovich L.I. Lichnost’ i yeyo razvitiye v detstve [Personality and Its Development in Childhood]. Moscow, Pedagogika Publ., 2016. 352 p. (in Russian).
25. Luria A.R. Vysshiye kortikal’nyye funktsii cheloveka i ikh narusheniya pri lokal’nykh porazheniyakh golovnogo mozga [Higher Cortical Functions of Man and Their Disorders in Local Brain Lesions]. Moscow, Akademicheskiy Proekt Publ., 2021. 512 p. (in Russian).
26. Zinchenko V.P. Psikhologiya razvitiya i obrazovaniya [Developmental and Educational Psychology]. Moscow, Yurayt Publ., 2020. 412 p. (in Russian).
( 441.53 kB ) 
( 439.35 kB )
Issue: 4, 2026
Series of issue: Issue 4
Rubric: THEORY AND METHODOLOGY OF TEACHING AND EDUCATION
Pages: 39 — 49
Downloads: 122